She loved laboratory research, but hated being around sick people. As her father wished, Helena entered medical school at the University of Cracow.
She began to keep the books for her father, an egg merchant, discussed his plans with him, and made her first "good deal" when she went to a business meeting for him. While Helena was attending academic high school in Kracow, her business instincts awoke.
Every evening the Rubinstein girls underwent a beauty ritual, at the end of which their mother applied a cream to their faces, telling them it would make them beautiful. She was the oldest of the eight daughters born to Horace and Augusta Rubinstein, a Jewish couple. Helena Rubinstein was born in Kracow, Poland in 1870. Starting out with only a few pots of face cream, a little formal education, and high ambitions she built one of the world's first businesses which mass-produced cosmetics. Ruth Rubinstein died only ten days after.Helena Rubinstein's name was synonymous with women's beauty products worldwide, during the early twentieth century. In 1991 he was awarded honorary citizenship of Florence. His most important books are “The Palazzo Vecchio, 1298-1532,” and “The Government of Florence under the Medici.” He was also general editor and major contributor to the edition of the letters of Lorenzo il Magnifico. During his lifetime he published a large number of articles and participated in numerous conferences. Nicolai Rubinstein was one of the most influential teachers of medieval and Renaissance Italian history. He also taught for one semester at the University of Florence, in 1983. After retiring he became a fellow of the Warburg Institute and kept an office there until his death. In 1954 he married art historian Ruth Kidder Olitsky. He also organized special courses with subjects on Florence during the Renaissance. From 1945 until his retirement in 1978 he taught medieval European history and the history of political ideas from Plato to Machiavelli at Westfield College, part of the University of London. From January 1942 he taught history at Southampton University College. He left Italy in the spring of 1939 to return to Paris and later moved to Oxford. He defended his doctoral thesis entitled “La lotta contro i magnati” at the University of Florence in 1935 and became Ottokar’s assistant in charge of undergraduate teaching until 1938. In December of the same year he moved to Florence, and continued his research under the supervision of the Russian scholar Nicola Ottokar.
He studied history and philosophy in Berlin and in 1933 he emigrated with his family to Paris, while he was already working on his doctoral thesis on the Paduan humanist Pier Paolo Vergerio, under the supervision of Hans Baron. His father was Latvian and his mother was Hungarian. Nicolai Rubinstein was born in Berlin into a Jewish family in 1911. The latter was created in 1966 to raise money after the Florence and Venice floods. Other studies focus on single individuals, including Poggio Bracciolini, Niccolò Machiavelli, Francesco Guicciardini, Piero de’ Medici, Marsilio da Padova, and Dante.Īdditionally, the collection contains records of various committees of which Nicolai Rubinstein was a member, such as Firenze Viva and the Italian Art and Archives Fund (IAARF). Most materials deal with Italian history of the late Middle Ages and Renaissance, especially topics such as oligarchy and democracy, the Great Council at Florence, the government of the Medici family, political thought and iconography, the Palazzo Vecchio and piazza Signoria in Florence, and the Palazzo Pubblico in Siena. A large number of photographs reproducing the letters of Lorenzo de’ Medici is also part of the collection.
#RUBINSTEIN RUSSIAN COLLECTION PROFESSIONAL#
The collection primarily includes his professional correspondence with students and scholars, autograph manuscript notes, and materials related to his participation in publications, conferences, courses, lectures, and seminars. The collection consists of research papers related to Nicolai Rubinstein’s academic career at both Westfield College and the Warburg Institute, as well as his role as collaborator on programs at I Tatti.
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